Krukowski says that, “the marginal-the rejected- the repressed- is whatever the powerful have decided is of no use at the moment.” I think he is talking about the algorithm that is deciding which specific songs to pick uniquely for you. The songs that the algorithm thinks you won’t like, AKA ‘the rejected,’ is decided that it has no use at the moment. As time changes, your music taste can also taste, so the ‘at the moment’ part can mean that there is a possibility that you might like the ‘rejected’ song in the future.

Music can indicate the differences between the powerful and the marginalized by what most people listen to vs what they don’t listen to. Powerful/popular songs are on the radio, billboard charts, more often to be used in other media like movies or TV shows, while songs that aren’t popular aren’t as often used in the media or likely to show up on the radio.

Being “surprised” by music is described by Krukowski as being shocked when one listens to a song that is close to what they usually listen to, they’re surprised that they haven’t listened to this before because it is so similar to what they usually do listen to. “Discovering” music is when one would listen to a song they usually wouldn’t listen to and end up taking a liking to it. This is important as it can widen one’s music taste as a whole.

Forced exposure is deciding which songs to pick to put on the radio, this was before music streaming services even existed, so everyone would listen to music on the radio. Paul Lamere is giving spotify users similar songs that a user would probably listen to since it is a similar song that they’re already listening to.